De Bondt and Thaler argue that a human method of interpreting data called "representativeness" causes prices to diverge from their fundamental values. More information on this human heuristic is available at Wikipedia, but basically "representativeness" is used to describe how humans use stereotypes to draw conclusions which are inappropriate.
In this way, the authors argue that stocks that outperform (underperform) the market for extended periods tend to continue to do so, and this results in relatively large deviations between price and value. In effect, people believe some stocks to be outperformers, and therefore they jump on them on the expectation that they will continue to do well (and the opposite is true for underperformers).
De Bondt and Thaler do offer some data to back up their theories. They grabbed the top and bottom decile of stocks over a three year period, and compared their returns over a subsequent 5-year period. The results are illustrated in the chart below:
The previous losers outperformed the previous winners by about 40% in the five-year period that followed the formation of the winner/loser portfolios! The authors argue that this is evidence that winners and losers both ran too far in the previous three-year period.
You may be discouraged from buying a stock you feel is at a decent price because for years its price has been under pressure. But consider that what is influencing you to feel this way could be "representativeness" and that the current dog of a stock could be tomorrow's (or the next five year's) darling!
2 comments:
I would like to hear behavioral economists discuss how these emotional biases not only cause mispricing, but how this mispricing can actually alter the intrinsic values of the companies involved. To my knowledge, Soros is the only person to delve into this. This is a subject of great interest to me.
You'll actually find the opposite effect in the data if you look it past winner's over a shorter time period such as 6 months to a year. In What Works on Wall Street by James O'Shaugnessy, O'Shaugnessy shows that winners over this time period continue to go up, and loser's continue to underperform. Indeed, this effect has been found in multiple countries, not just the US stock market.
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